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Application of Ice Pigging in a Drinking Water Distribution System: Impacts on Pipes and Bulk Water Quality

Yujing Huang,Zhiwei Chen,Guilin He,Yu Shao,Shuang Song,Feilong Dong,Tuqiao Zhang,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.09.016

摘要： Ice pigging is an emerging technique for pipe cleaning in drinking water distribution systems. However, substantial confusion and controversy exist on the potential impacts of ice pigging on bulk water quality. This study monitored the microstructural features and composition of sediments and microbial community structures in bulk water in eight multimaterial Chinese networks. Chloride concentration analysis demonstrated that separate cleaning of pipes with different materials in complex networks could mitigate the risk of losing ice pigs and degrading water quality. The microstructural and trace element characterization results showed that ice pigs would scarcely disturb the inner surfaces of long-used pipes. The bacterial richness and diversity of bulk water decreased significantly after ice pigging. Furthermore, correlations were established between pipe service age, temperature, total iron and chloride concentrations, and the 15 most abundant taxa in bulk water, which could be used to guide practical ice pigging operations.

关键词： Ice pigging     Pipe cleaning     Drinking water distribution system     Bacterial community     Sediments    

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Numerical simulation on flow of ice slurry in horizontal straight tube

Shengchun LIU,Ming SONG,Ling HAO,Pengxiao WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 201-207 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0451-0

摘要： Numerical simulation on flow of ice slurry in horizontal straight tubes was conducted in this paper to improve its transportation characteristics and application. This paper determined the influence of the diameter and length of tubes, the ice packing factors (IPF) and the flow velocity of ice slurry on pressure loss by using numerical simulation, based on two-phase flow and the granular dynamic theory. Furthermore, it was found that the deviation between the simulation results and experimental data could be reduced from 20% to 5% by adjusting the viscosity which was reflected by velocity. This confirmed the reliability of the simulation model. Thus, two mathematical correlations between viscosity and flow velocity were developed eventually. It could also be concluded that future rheological model of ice slurry should be considered in three sections clarified by the flow velocity, which determined the fundamental difference from single-phase fluid.

关键词： ice slurry     horizontal tubes     numerical simulation     pressure drop     viscosity model    

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Purification of ice structuring protein complexes from winter wheat using Triton X-114 phase partitioning

Huaneng XU, Haiying CHEN, Weining HUANG,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第4期   页码 383-385 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0249-7

摘要： Ice structuring proteins (ISPs) isolated from the cold-acclimated plants have a great potential in improving the quality of frozen foods. The purification of ISP complexes from winter wheat was achieved using an aqueous two-phase system of Triton X-114. The highly reactive phenols were removed, and the ISP complexes remained in the aqueous phase after phase separation. The ISP complexes treated by this procedure retained higher thermal hysteresis activity than those treated by ammonium sulfate method. The phase separation technique provides a simple and mild way for removing phenols from ISP complexes.

关键词： separation technique     thermal hysteresis     cold-acclimated     purification     X-114    

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冰灾对江西电网的灾害分析和电网应急平台体系建设

朱友梁,梁文,杨济海,陶振文,马勇,刘显明

《中国工程科学》 2010年 第12卷 第3期   页码 61-67

摘要：

回顾2009年全国大面积雪灾对江西省电网造成的巨大损失，分析了灾害的成因，并重点提出了电网应急管理平台建设的具体技术思路。

关键词： 电网     冰灾     应急    

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Model test study for ice force on the bank-head of the lead-navigating bank

SONG An, SUN Jinliang, LU Hai, WANG Yi′an

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 222-228 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0027-x

摘要： To determine the bank-head s ice force of the lead-navigating bank at key position that faces the ice directly of certain water conservancy, ice model test in reduced scale is designed and carried out based on the local situation on the spot and data observed. Preliminary conclusions are got through the analysis of the experimental data such as effect of the ice velocity on the ice force , ratio of components of forces when ice sheet acting on the vertical bank-head, ice force ratio of vertical to 45? incline as well as ratio of level ice force to the vertical ice force when acting on 45? incline. Finally, suggestions on determination of the ice force using formula are given after comparison between the result calculated by the present formula of ice force and the experimental results.

关键词： comparison     lead-navigating bank     vertical bank-head     certain     Preliminary    

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青藏高原多圈层相互作用观测工程及其应用

马耀明

《中国工程科学》 2012年 第14卷 第9期   页码 28-34

摘要：

青藏高原作为地球的第三极，是“水—冰—气—生”多圈层体现最全，且相互作用最强烈的地区。高原强大的动力和热力作用显著地影响着东亚气候格局、亚洲季风进程和北半球大气环流。全球气候变化不仅影响到青藏高原本身的水圈与冰冻圈过程，改变青藏高原内部的生态系统与环境，影响该地区社会经济发展与人民生存条件，而且通过大气环流与水循环过程直接影响到东亚及周边国家的用水安全和自然灾害防护。正确认识青藏高原复杂地表多圈层相互作用规律的一条有效途径是在各种不同的下垫面上建立多圈层相互作用综合观测站（点）。在中国科学院和国家相关部门的支持下，过去的7年中，中国科学院青藏高原研究所与其他相关单位一道正在整个青藏高原面上逐步建立“青藏高原观测研究平台”以研究该地区复杂地表的多圈层相互作用规律。首先具体介绍中国科学院青藏高原研究所在高原上已经建立的5个综合观测研究站，然后介绍利用各个站点观测资料分析得到的多圈层相互作用（主要是地气相互作用）的研究结果，最后提出了青藏高原多圈层相互作用观测试验研究所面临的难题和可能的解决办法。

关键词： 青藏高原     多圈层相互作用过程     观测结果    

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渤海JZ9-3WHPB平台冰激振动测量与分析

兰志刚,赵英年,国建凤,周振涛,邢健,白刚,鲁红革,李辉辉

《中国工程科学》 2011年 第13卷 第5期   页码 79-87

摘要：

为掌握JZ9-3WHPB平台的动力特性，根据该平台结构特点设计安装了具有远程控制功能的平台冰激振动监测系统，对振动信号实施实时监测和记录。利用短时傅里叶变换对振动信号进行分析，研究结构振动时变特征和模态频率特征。通过比较上下甲板振动信号的相位关系以及信号的滤波处理，分析所测得振动模态的振型特点。在对振动最大值、振动持续时间以及平台水域潮流潮位进行统计分析的基础上，结合平台结构设计，分析了平台的抗冰设计缺陷，给出了防冰建议。

关键词： 海洋平台     渤海海冰     冰激振动     振动加速度     短时傅里叶分析    

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南极机场冰雪跑道工程技术发展现状与展望

孙波,唐学远,肖恩照,时小松,程绪宇,李霖,魏福海,张体军

《中国工程科学》 2021年 第23卷 第2期   页码 161-168 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.02.022

摘要：

世界强国针对南极科技前沿、地缘政治、开发利用权益的争夺趋于激烈。我国建设和运营南极航空基础设施，有利于提升我国在南极的综合影响力、扩大南极科学考察规模、满足人员和物资快速投送需求，战略发展价值突出。本文较全面地分析了南极机场建设现状，凝练了我国开展冰雪机场建设面临的技术挑战；解析了极地科考强国在南极机场冰雪跑道建设方面的工程技术体系，据此梳理我国开展南极机场冰雪跑道建设所需掌握的重点技术。研究表明，我国未来的南极大型机场跑道建设，涉及的工程技术体系应涵盖三大工程步骤（机场跑道选址、道面材料设计、道面人工处理）和 1 项核心技术（压实雪层技术）。结合我国南极科学考察创新发展对航空运输能力建设的顶层需求，论证提出重点研究方向：机场选址及建设的自然环境条件研究，压实雪层技术，冰雪跑道施工装备技术，机场运行指挥监测体系设计。

关键词： 南极机场     冰雪跑道     机场选址     压实雪层     施工装备    

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Rational Design of and Mechanism Insight into an Efficient Antifreeze Peptide for Cryopreservation

Haishan Qi,Yihang Gao,Lin Zhang,Zhongxin Cui,Xiaojie Sui,Jianfan Ma,Jing Yang,Zhiquan Shu,Lei Zhang,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.01.015

摘要： The development of effective antifreeze peptides to control ice growth has attracted a significant amount of attention yet still remains a great challenge. Here, we propose a novel design method based on an in-depth investigation of repetitive motifs in various ice-binding proteins (IBPs) with an evolution analysis. In this way, several peptides with notable antifreeze activity were developed. In particular, a designed antifreeze peptide named AVD exhibits ideal ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI), solubility, and biocompatibility, making it suitable for use as a cryoprotective agent (CPA). A mutation analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations indicated that the Thr6 and Asn8 residues of the AVD peptide are fundamental to its ice-binding capacity, while the Ser18 residue can synergistically enhance their interaction with ice, revealing the antifreeze mechanism of AVD. Furthermore, to demonstrate the cryoprotection potential of AVD, the peptide was successfully employed for the cryopreservation of various cells, which demonstrated significant post-freezing cell recovery. This work opens up a new avenue for designing antifreeze materials and provides peptide-based functional modules for synthetic biology.

关键词： Antifreeze peptides     Evolution analysis     Ice recrystallization inhibition     Molecular dynamics simulation     Cryopreservation     Synthetic biology    

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Typical off-design analytical performances of internal combustion engine cogeneration

Xiaohong HE, Ruixian CAI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第2期   页码 184-192 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0007-z

摘要： Based on experimental data, typical off-design characteristic curves with corresponding formulas of internal combustion engine (ICE) are summarized and investigated. In combination with analytical solution of single-pressure heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) and influence of ambient pressure on combined heat and power (CHP) system, off-design operation regularities of ICE cogeneration are analyzed. The approach temperature difference Δ , relative steam production and superheated steam temperature decrease with the decrease in engine load. The total energy efficiency, equivalent exergy efficiency and economic exergy efficiency first increase and then decrease. Therefore, there exists an optimum value, corresponding to ICE best efficiency operating condition. It is worth emphasizing that Δ is likely to be negative in low load condition with high design steam parameter and low ICE design exhaust gas temperature. Compared with single shaft gas turbine cogeneration, Δ in ICE cogeneration is more likely to be negative. The main reason for this is that the gas turbine has an increased exhaust gas flow with the decrease in load; while ICE is on the contrary. Moreover, ICE power output and efficiency decrease with the decrease in ambient pressure. Hence, approach temperature difference, relative steam production and superheated steam temperature decrease rapidly while the cogeneration efficiencies decrease slightly. It is necessary to consider the influence of ambient conditions, especially the optimization of ICE performances at different places, on cogeneration performances.

关键词： internal combustion engine (ICE)     cogeneration     heat recovery steam generator (HRSG)     off-design     superheated steam     saturated steam     ambient pressure    

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孔庄煤矿集中降温方案的选择与优化

吴继忠,刘祥来,姚向东,王建军

《中国工程科学》 2011年 第13卷 第11期   页码 59-67

摘要：

从孔庄煤矿井筒布置和矿井生产条件出发，先后总结、分析了片冰降温系统、热-电-乙二醇降温系统、井下低温水排热的井下集中降温系统（HEMS）和真空制冰降温系统。从集中降温方案效果、投资、降温系统运行稳定性、井筒输冷管路安装、矿井制冷水质、井下制冷排热等方面综合考虑，适合孔庄煤矿特点的集中降温途径只能是真空制冰降温方案，为矿井三期改扩建工程按期投产、验收创造了条件。同时，该降温工程的实施必将填补我国在矿井集中降温领域的一项技术空白，并在制冰技术、输冰管道、输冰工艺、压风冷却、井下融冰工艺、制冰节能技术上取得突破

关键词： 煤矿     热害治理     集中降温系统     真空制冰     方案选择     优化    

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全静压受感器冰风洞试验技术研究

彭又新,郑莉,林贵平

《中国工程科学》 2009年 第11卷 第11期   页码 51-55

摘要：

主要论述了全静压受感器的冰风洞试验技术，着重介绍了该仪器的冰风洞试验项目、试验条件及参数测量校准方法，并从航空仪器仪表公司的冰风洞的自身特点出发，论述了该仪器冰风洞试验的效果及据此提出的改进建议，为今后国内对相应的小型仪器仪表或缩比模型进行冰风洞试验提供了一定的参考价值。

关键词： 全静压受感器     冰风洞试验     防冰    

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极地海洋工程装备的应用现状及关键技术分析

师桂杰,冯加果,康美泽,张正艺,刘圆

《中国工程科学》 2021年 第23卷 第3期   页码 144-152 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.03.021

摘要：

极地海洋工程装备是我国参与北极海洋油气开发的主要平台与实力象征。我国极地海洋工程装备设计建造与配套能力难以得到认可，这与造船大国地位不匹配，迫切需要寻求解决方法。本文分析了我国对极地海洋工程装备的发展需求，梳理了极地海洋工程装备的应用现状，提炼极地海洋工程装备的关键技术，总结我国极地海洋工程装备存在的问题。最后，本文提出成立“北极海上油气勘探开发共性关键技术研发及应用创新”专项，设立“极地海洋油气工程技术国际研发中心”，成立“中俄北极能源合资公司”等发展建议。围绕北极开发能力与环境保护能力的协调发展，本文研究为我国发展极地海洋工程装备提供参考，为我国跻身俄罗斯北极油气开发业务提供指导。

关键词： 北极海洋油气，低温，海冰，脆弱生态，海洋工程装备    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Application of Ice Pigging in a Drinking Water Distribution System: Impacts on Pipes and Bulk Water Quality

Yujing Huang,Zhiwei Chen,Guilin He,Yu Shao,Shuang Song,Feilong Dong,Tuqiao Zhang,

期刊论文

Numerical simulation on flow of ice slurry in horizontal straight tube

Shengchun LIU,Ming SONG,Ling HAO,Pengxiao WANG

期刊论文

Purification of ice structuring protein complexes from winter wheat using Triton X-114 phase partitioning

Huaneng XU, Haiying CHEN, Weining HUANG,

期刊论文

冰灾对江西电网的灾害分析和电网应急平台体系建设

朱友梁,梁文,杨济海,陶振文,马勇,刘显明

期刊论文

Model test study for ice force on the bank-head of the lead-navigating bank

SONG An, SUN Jinliang, LU Hai, WANG Yi′an

期刊论文

青藏高原多圈层相互作用观测工程及其应用

马耀明

期刊论文

渤海JZ9-3WHPB平台冰激振动测量与分析

兰志刚,赵英年,国建凤,周振涛,邢健,白刚,鲁红革,李辉辉

期刊论文

Green Construction of National Speed Skating Oval

期刊论文

南极机场冰雪跑道工程技术发展现状与展望

孙波,唐学远,肖恩照,时小松,程绪宇,李霖,魏福海,张体军

期刊论文

Rational Design of and Mechanism Insight into an Efficient Antifreeze Peptide for Cryopreservation

Haishan Qi,Yihang Gao,Lin Zhang,Zhongxin Cui,Xiaojie Sui,Jianfan Ma,Jing Yang,Zhiquan Shu,Lei Zhang,

期刊论文

Typical off-design analytical performances of internal combustion engine cogeneration

Xiaohong HE, Ruixian CAI

期刊论文

孔庄煤矿集中降温方案的选择与优化

吴继忠,刘祥来,姚向东,王建军

期刊论文

全静压受感器冰风洞试验技术研究

彭又新,郑莉,林贵平

期刊论文

极地海洋工程装备的应用现状及关键技术分析

师桂杰,冯加果,康美泽,张正艺,刘圆

期刊论文